Kidney disease in dogs is a common but silent threat. Many early signs of kidney disease in dogs, such as excessive thirst, frequent urination, and loss of appetite, are easy to overlook. Recognizing the early symptoms of kidney disease in dogs can help you take action before permanent damage occurs.
In this guide, we’ll walk through 10 common signs of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in dogs, from subtle early-stage symptoms to more serious late-stage indicators.
Want to understand how these symptoms progress over time?
Check out our guide to the 4 stages of CKD in dogs.
1. Increased Thirst in Dogs (Polydipsia)
One of the earliest and most overlooked signs of kidney issues is excessive water consumption. If your dog is emptying the water bowl more frequently or waking up at night to drink, it could signal declining kidney function.
2. Frequent or Excessive Urination (Polyuria)
The kidneys lose their ability to concentrate urine, causing dogs to urinate more often and in larger volumes. This may also lead to indoor accidents, even in house-trained pets.
3. Weight Loss and Muscle Wasting
Unexplained weight loss, especially with visible muscle thinning, can indicate that your dog’s body is breaking down muscle tissue due to poor kidney filtration and nutrient absorption.
4. Loss of Appetite (Anorexia)
Dogs with kidney disease often lose interest in food due to toxin buildup and nausea. Skipping meals, showing food aversions, or being unusually picky may signal trouble.
5. Nausea and Vomiting in Dogs with Kidney Disease
Elevated toxin levels in the bloodstream can cause gastrointestinal upset. Your dog might vomit, dry heave, lick their lips frequently, or drool more than usual—all signs of nausea.
6. Uremic Breath (Ammonia-Like Odor)
A distinct ammonia-like odor on your dog’s breath may occur in later stages of kidney disease. This “uremic breath” results from waste accumulating in the blood (uremia).
7. Lethargy and Weakness
As kidney function declines, waste products build up and affect your dog’s energy levels. They may appear sluggish, sleep more, or lose interest in play or daily activities.
8. Pale Gums and Anemia in Dogs
The kidneys help produce a hormone that stimulates red blood cell creation. When they fail, dogs can become anemic. Check your dog’s gums—if they’re pale, it’s a warning sign.
9. Dry Coat and Poor Fur Condition
A dull, dry, or thinning coat is common in dogs with kidney disease. Dehydration, electrolyte imbalances, and reduced nutrition can all affect skin and fur condition.
10. Mouth Ulcers and Oral Sores
In severe cases of CKD, ulcers may appear on the gums, tongue, or inside the cheeks. These are caused by the buildup of waste products that the kidneys can no longer filter.
When to See Your Vet
If you notice several of these symptoms together—especially increased thirst, urination, and appetite loss—contact your veterinarian promptly. A simple blood test and urinalysis can detect kidney dysfunction before it becomes severe.
Learn more about kidney disease in pets from the American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA).
Conclusion
Chronic kidney disease in dogs can progress quietly, but it doesn’t have to catch you off guard. By learning these signs and paying close attention to your dog’s behavior, you can be a powerful advocate for their health.
With early intervention and proper care, many dogs with CKD live longer, more comfortable lives. Stay alert, take notes, and speak with your vet if anything seems off.
👉 Learn more: The 4 Stages of Kidney Disease in Dogs (CKD): Signs, Progression, and What to Expect